If we are to understand the degree to which safety culture and safety climate contribute to improving safety outcomes, we need to 1) agree on what safety culture and safety climate mean, 2) develop reliable and valid ways to measure them, and 3) design, implement, and evaluate interventions that actually improve them.  To help address these needs, CPWR and NIOSH convened a 1½ day workshop June 11-12, 2013. This report describes the overall progression of the workshop and its individual sessions, output from the discussion groups and the workshop as a whole, and poses additional critical questions and action items for follow-up.