A growing number of construction products incorporate engineered nanoparticles, but little is known about their long-term health effects on exposed workers. The study explored the current understanding and use of nanotechnology applications in heavy industrial/commercial construction among union leaders, apprenticeship program staff and construction contractors. Researchers surveyed 253 contacts representing 24 construction crafts to learn about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs concerning nano-enabled construction products and about existing health and safety training addressing nanotechnology in construction. Researchers then conducted 21 follow-up interviews with survey respondents and 5 key interviews with California state agency employees.